REASON FOR ADDING GYPSUM IN CEMENT

upon mixing cement powder with water ,part of the tricalcium aluminate and gypsum dissolved and react together forming ettringite .

the ettringite crystal on the surface of the cement particals are so fine that they cannot bridge the gap between structure.this is the basis of the delay in solidification upon adding gypsum to cement .

if we mix cement with water without adding gypsum the tricalcium aluminate immediately reacts with water to form calcium aluminate hydrate. which fills the gap between the cement particals with large crystals and leads to very rapid solidification of the cement slurry

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METHYL ISOCYANATE (BHOPAL DISASTER CHEMICAL EQUATION )

Bhopal disaster was occurred by one simple chemical reaction in methyl isocyanate storage tank . (note-MIC-METHYL ISOCYANATE) MIC is used for the production of carbamate pesticides and also rubber and adhesives. MIC is a colorless liquid and pungent order . it's boiling point is 38.3 degree Celsius (100.9 F) approximately our body higher temperature . MIC is reacted with water ,this leads to formation of 1,3 dimethyl urea and carbon dioxide with evolution of heat . this reaction is continued, this leads to increases the temperature of MIC stored tank . at that temperature all MIC was transforming liquid to gas form . slowly MIC gas was evolved out through the smoke Aerial tower . because of high molecular weight of the MIC and high denser than the air ,it starts spread lower feet to ground . this two things only kills the lacks of people .1) is reaction with water 2.) is high molecular weight of gas.

Reduction of aromatic compounds(Birch reduction)

The reduction of aromatic compounds to 1.4-cyclohexadiene compounds in presence of alkali metal liquid ammonia and an alcohol is called Birch reduction. A variety of aromatic compounds containing electron donating or electron withdrawing groups could be readily converted to the corresponding 1,4 cyclohexadiene derivatives. The regioselectivity towards the products in Birch reduction of substituted aromatic compound depends on the nature of the substituent. For example, the electron donating substituent such as alkyl or alkoxy group remains on the unreduced carbon where as the electron withdrawing groups such as carboxylic acid or primary amide remains on reduced carbon almost exclusively. The aldehydes and esters groups are in the electron donation side because these are reduced to the corresponding alcohols in Birch condition before the reduction of aromatic ring . The addition of one or two equivalent of water or t-BuOH to the NH, before the addition of

CHEMISTRY OF BASIL AND IT'S MEDICINAL USES

Scientific name:- Ocimum basilicum L Family:- lamiaceae The major organic chemical compound present in the basil is estragole. estragole Medicinal properties:- Antimicrobial Antispasmodic Medicinal uses:- Because of antibacterial properties of basil, it has been used as a antibacterial agent to kill the bacteria like E.coli bacteria and many other bacterias. It is Used as a antifungal agent against aspargillus and rhizocaticol It has been used in the treatment of gonorrhea, dysentery, chronic diarrhea, wound healing, pimples, skin infections and against different varieties of bacterial diseases. It is a very good source of beta carotene. Normally beta carotene help to prevent damage to the cells by free radicals. Magnesium is essential mineral present in basil which helps the heart and blood vessels to relax, improving blood flow. Other nutrients and also found in basil include iron calcium potassium and vitamin c. Other applications:- Essential oil of basil have been used

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